International Criminal Court threatened with US sanctions

The US has threatened sanctions against the International Criminal Court (ICC) if it goes ahead with prosecutions against Americans.

The court is currently considering prosecuting US servicemen over alleged detainee abuse in Afghanistan.

National Security Adviser John Bolton called the court “illegitimate” and vowed the US would do everything “to protect our citizens”.

The US is among dozens of nations not to have joined the court.

What is the ICC?
The court investigates and brings to justice people responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, intervening when national authorities cannot or will not prosecute.

The ICC was established by the Rome Statute in 2002, and has been ratified by 123 countries, including the UK.

Some African countries have called for withdrawal from the court over perceived unfair treatment of Africans.

Why is John Bolton opposed to it?
He has long been an outspoken critic of the court but Monday’s hard-hitting speech in Washington focused on two areas.

The first was ICC prosecutor Fatou Bensouda’s request last year for a full investigation into alleged war crimes in Afghanistan, which would include any committed by US military and intelligence officials.

On this issue, Mr Bolton said neither Afghanistan nor any government signatory to the ICC’s statute had made such a request.

However, ICC prosecutors also have the ability to take independent action, although any prosecutions must be approved by a panel of judges.

The second area Mr Bolton addressed was the Palestinian move to bring Israel before the ICC over allegations of human rights abuses in Gaza and the occupied West Bank – a move dismissed by Israel as politicised.

Mr Bolton said the Palestinian move was one of the reasons the US administration had decided to close the Palestinians’ diplomatic mission in Washington.

In his tirade against the court, Mr Bolton said it:

Was a threat to “American sovereignty and US national security”
Lacked checks and balances, claimed “jurisdiction over crimes that have disputed and ambiguous definitions” and failed to “deter and punish atrocity crimes”
Was “superfluous” as the US administration did “not recognise any higher authority than the US Constitution”
Mr Bolton said: “We will not co-operate with the ICC. We will provide no assistance to the ICC. We will not join the ICC. We will let the ICC die on its own. After all, for all intents and purposes, the ICC is already dead to us.”

White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders backed Mr Bolton, saying President Donald Trump would use “any means necessary to protect our citizens [and] those of our allies from unjust prosecution from the ICC”.

ICC judges and prosecutors would be barred from entering the US and their funds in the US would be targeted.

“We will prosecute them in the US criminal system. We will do the same for any company or state that assists an ICC investigation of Americans,” Mr Bolton said.

More “binding, bilateral agreements” would be signed to stop countries submitting US citizens to the court’s jurisdiction.

What has the response been?
The ICC said in a statement: “The ICC, as a judicial institution, acts strictly within the legal framework of the Rome Statute and is committed to the independent and impartial exercise of its mandate.”

Liz Evenson, associate international justice director at Human Rights Watch, told AFP news agency that Mr Bolton had shown “callous disregard for victims of atrocity crimes” and that the US was “more concerned with coddling serial rights abusers… than supporting impartial justice”.

As a diplomat, John Bolton was famously bellicose: he once said if the UN building in New York “lost 10 storeys, it wouldn’t make a bit of difference”.

And he’s made clear how he stands on carrot-and-stick diplomacy, saying: “I don’t do carrots.” As national security adviser, he’s been more aggressive than the president at times – and has been reined in.

On Monday, though, Mr Bolton made his first major address as national security adviser and showed he’s in sync with the president.

In threatening to take sanctions against ICC judges, he is helping to reinforce the president’s “America First” policy.

Source: BBC News